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DISCRETIONARY POLICY: Government policies that involve explicit actions designed to achieve specific goals. A common type of discretionary policy is that designed to stabilize business cycles, reduce unemployment, and lower inflation, through government spending and taxes (fiscal policy) or the money supply (monetary policy). Discretionary policies are also termed activist policies because they involve active decisions by government. A contrast to discretionary policy is automatic stabilizers that help stabilize business cycles without explicit government actions.
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WORLD VIEW An aspect of a scientific theory that includes fundamental, and unverifiable, axioms, beliefs, and values about how the world works. One example of an unverifiable world view axiom is belief in the existence of a supreme, omnipotent, omniscience being--that is, God. Political philosophies, which are essential to economic theories and policies, are intertwined with alternative world views.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Difficulties mastered are opportunities won. " -- Winston Churchill, Statesman
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ILO
International Labor Office
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