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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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AGGREGATE DEMAND SHIFTS Changes in the aggregate demand determinants cause the aggregate demand curve to shift. The mechanism is comparable to that for market demand determinants and market demand. There are two alternatives--an increase in aggregate demand and a decrease in aggregate demand. An increase in spending by any of the four sectors--household, business, government, and foreign--shifts the aggregate demand curve to right. A decrease in spending by these four sectors shifts the aggregate demand curve to left.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet wanting to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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On a typical day, the United States Mint produces over $1 million worth of dimes.
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"Do you want to be safe and good, or do you want to take a chance and be great?" -- Jimmy Johnson, Football Coach
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IRPP
Institute for Research on Public Policy
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