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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.
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SHORT-RUN PRODUCTION ALTERNATIVES A firm faces three production options in the short run based on a comparison between price, average total cost, and average variable cost. If price is greater than average total cost, a firm earns an economic profit by producing the quantity that equates marginal revenue with marginal cost. If price is less than average total cost but greater than average variable cost, a firm incurs an economic loss, but produces the quantity that equates marginal revenue with marginal cost. If price is less than average variable cost, a firm shuts down production in the short run, incurring an economic loss equal to total fixed cost.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel trying to buy either a weathervane with a cow on top or a box of multi-colored, plastic paper clips. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity. " -- Seneca, Roman philosopher
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NNP
Net National Product
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