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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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ELASTICITY DETERMINANTS Three factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply--availability of substitutes, time period of analysis, and proportion of budget. The price elasticities of demand and/or supply for a good can change if these determinants change. The first two determinants are important to both price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply, while the third relates specifically to the price elasticity of demand.
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GRAY SKITTERY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club hoping to buy either decorative celebrity figurines or a flower arrangement with anything but tulips for your grandfather. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Mark Twain said "I wonder how much it would take to buy soap buble if there was only one in the world."
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"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most men succeed because they are determined to. " -- George Allen, U.S. senator
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