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TAX INCIDENCE: The ultimate payment of a tax. Many taxes are initially paid by one person, but passed along through production and consumption activities until it finally reaches someone else. An obvious example is the sales tax. While officially paid by the retail store (they write the check to the government), it's tacked on to the prices paid by consumers. Consumers, thus, bear the lion's share of most sales taxes. The incidence of other taxes is not quite so obvious. Some taxes are paid by producers early in production such as severance taxes on oil extraction without the knowledge of consumers, who end up paying through higher prices. As a general rule taxes are passed through the system until they reach someone (usually consumers) who can pass it no further.
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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your father or a T-shirt commemorating the first day of spring. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. " -- Robert Frost
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