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CLOSED SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is allowed to hire only labor union members. Because this gives a labor union complete control over the labor services supplied to a particular firm, it was one of the earliest methods used by labor unions to monopolized a labor market. However, closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947 and has been largely supplanted by union shops.

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L

A broad monetary measure that combines M3 plus several liquid assets, including commercial paper, U.S. Treasury bills, savings bonds, and bankers' acceptances. L used to be tracked and reported by the Federal Reserve System along with M1, M2, and M3. However, L is no longer reported.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers seeking to buy either a how-to book on home remodeling or a tall storage cabinet with five shelves and a secure lock. Be on the lookout for jovial bank tellers.
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Before 1933, the U.S. dime was legal as payment only in transactions of $10 or less.
"The victory of success is half won when one gains the habit of setting goals and achieving them. Even the most tedious chore will become endurable as you parade through each day convinced that every task, no matter how menial or boring, brings you closer to fulfilling your dreams."

-- Og Mandino, Author and Speaker

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