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WELFARE ECONOMICS: A branch of economics that studies efficiency and the overall well-being of society based on alternative allocations of scarce resources. Welfare economics extends the microeconomic analysis of indifference curves to society as a whole. It is concerned with broad efficiency questions and criteria (Pareto efficiency and Kaldor-Hicks efficiency) as well as more specific efficiency issues (market failures, externalities, public goods).
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SUBSTITUTE-IN-CONSUMPTION One of two (or more) goods that provide the same basic satisfaction of a want or need when consumed. A substitute-in-consumption is one of two alternatives falling within the other prices determinant of demand. The other is a complement-in-consumption. An increase in the price of one substitute good causes an increase in demand for the other. A substitute-in-consumption has a positive cross elasticity of demand.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"To understand a man, you must know his memories. The same is true of a nation." -- Anthony Quayle, Actor
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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