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EFFECTIVE DEMAND: The notion that the actual demand for aggregate output in the macroeconomy is based on the actual income or other existing economic conditions and not on income and conditions existing in equilibrium. The idea of effective demand plays a key role in Keynesian economics and how the macroeconomy can have extended periods of unemployment. Effective demand is in direct contrast to the view underlying classical economics that demand is that existing in equilibrium.
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MARGINAL REVENUE CURVE, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION A curve that graphically represents the relation between the marginal revenue received by a monopolistically competitive firm for selling its output and the quantity of output sold. Because a monopolistically competitive firm is a price maker and faces a negatively-sloped demand curve, its marginal revenue curve is also negatively sloped and lies below its average revenue (and demand) curve. A monopolistically competitive firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity of output found at the intersection of the marginal revenue curve and marginal cost curve.
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GRAY SKITTERY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials wanting to buy either storage boxes for your income tax returns or an AC adapter for your CD player. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"If you worried about falling off the bike, you'd never get on. " -- Lance Armstrong, bicycle racer
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VES
Variable Elasticity of Substitution
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