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BANK OF THE UNITED STATES: This was actually two central banks that preceded the Federal Reserve System as the nation's monetary authority. The First Bank of the United States, under the design of Alexander Hamilton, commenced operations in 1791, almost immediately after the U.S. Constitution was written and George Washington became the first U.S. President. Its charter was not renewed and it ceased to operate in 1811. Financial instability resulting from the absence of a central bank over the next few years prompted the formation of the Second Bank of the United States in 1816. The Second Bank's performance, however, was somewhat more suspect. When it knocked heads with President Andrew Jackson, a strong critic of central banking, the Second Bank ceased to be in 1836.
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SURPLUS A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because sellers are unable to sell as much of the good as they want, a surplus generally causes a decrease in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A surplus, which also goes by the terms excess supply and buyers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is shortage.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store hoping to buy either a flower arrangement with a lot of roses for your grandmother or a wall poster commemorating the first day of winter. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them. " -- Mark Twain
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BA
Bank Acceptance
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