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INDEX: A measure of the relative average of a group of items compared to a given base value. Index measures are commonly used in economics to combine and compare diverse measures. One common type of index measure is for prices, such as the Consumer Price Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average of corporate stock prices. Another noted type of index measure is to track macroeconomic activity, especially the index leading economic indicators. Indexes are usually weighted averages rather than simple arithmetic means that are measured relative to a base value or period. The Consumer Price Index, for example, measures the prices of consumer good, weighted by the quantities purchased. The value of a given period is then stated relative to a base year value, which generates a pure, "unitless" number in the range of 100 (give or take).
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SHUTDOWN RULE A rule stating that a firm minimizes economic loss by producing no output in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and loss minimization (if price is less than average total cost but greater than average variable cost).
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales seeking to buy either a set of luggage without wheels or a how-to book on wine tasting. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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In the early 1900s around 300 automobile companies operated in the United States.
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"It is not the straining for great things that is most effective; it is the doing of the little things, the common duties, a little better and better." -- Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Writer
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JLE
Journal of Law and Economics
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