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FACTOR MARKET, EFFICIENCY: A factor market achieves efficiency in the allocation of resources by equating marginal revenue product to factor price. Perfect competition, as the efficiency benchmark, is the only market structure to satisfy this criterion and achieve factor market efficiency. Monopsony, oligopsony, and monopsonistic competition are inefficient because they equate marginal revenue product to marginal factor cost, both of which are greater than factor price.
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SHORTAGE A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because buyers are unable to buy as much of the good as they want, a shortage generally causes an increase in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A shortage, which also goes by the terms excess demand and sellers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is surplus.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway wanting to buy either a travel case for you toothbrush or a looseleaf notebook binder. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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On a typical day, the United States Mint produces over $1 million worth of dimes.
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"Every time you win, it diminishes the fear a little bit. You never really cancel the fear of losing; you keep challenging it. " -- Arthur Ashe, tennis player
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