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REGULATORY FORCES: Forces in the marketing environment that depend on various government regulatory agencies that impact how an organization operates on a daily basis. An example is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which monitors advertising, deceptive labeling, and false or misleading information. Agencies such as the FTC have powers to enforce regulations through fines and other penalties. Other regulatory agencies are: Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
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KINKED-DEMAND CURVE ANALYSIS An analysis using the kinked-demand curve to explain rigid prices often found with oligopoly. The kinked-demand curve contains two distinct segments--one for higher prices that is more elastic and one for lower prices that is less elastic. Key to this analysis is that the corresponding marginal revenue curve contains three segments--one associated with the more elastic segment, one associated with the less elastic segment, and one associated with the kink. A profit-maximizing firm can then equate marginal cost to a wide range of marginal revenue values along the vertical segment of the marginal revenue curve. This suggests that marginal cost must change significantly before an oligopolistic firm is inclined to change price.
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
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"Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun's rays do not burn until brought to a focus." -- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
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ADR
American Depositary Receipt, Asset Depreciation Range
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