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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACIES Relatively complex government organizations that operate according to rules and procedures to implement the programs and policies of political leaders. A bureaucracy is a complex organization that usually contains hundreds or even thousands of employees, each with different duties and responsibilities. Bureaucracies exist in all types of organizations -- private, public, government, business, charities, corporations, even households. The study of public choice indicates that government bureaucracies are one source of government inefficiency. Other sources are politicians, voters, and special interest groups.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for a specialty store looking to buy either a large, stuffed kitty cat or a cross-cut paper shredder. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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Rosemary, long associated with remembrance, was worn as wreaths by students in ancient Greece during exams.
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"We can't take any credit for our talents. It's how we use them that counts. " -- Madeleine L'Engle, Writer
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JPUBE
Journal of Public Economics
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