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ACCOUNTING COST: The actual outlays or expenses incurred in production that shows up a firm's accounting statements or records. Accounting costs, while very important to accountants, company CEOs, shareholders, and the Internal Revenue Service, is only minimally important to economists. The reason is that economists are primarily interested in economic cost (also called opportunity cost). That fact is that accounting costs and economic costs aren't always the same. An opportunity or economic cost is the value of foregone production. Some economic costs, actually a lot of economic opportunity costs, never show up as accounting costs. Moreover, some accounting costs, while legal, bonified payments by a firm, are not associated with any sort of opportunity cost.
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CONCENTRATION RATIOS A family of measures of the proportion of total output in an industry that is produced by a given number of the largest firms in the industry. The two most common concentration ratios are for the four largest firms and the eight largest firms. The four-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total output produced by the four largest firms in the industry and the eight-firm concentration ratio is proportion of total output produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. Concentration ratios are commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control of the largest firms in the industry. A related measure is the Herfindahl index.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers trying to buy either a pair of red goulashes with shiny buckles or a handcrafted bird feeder. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Mark Twain said "I wonder how much it would take to buy soap buble if there was only one in the world."
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"Inside the ring or out, ain't nothing wrong with going down. It's staying down that's wrong. " -- Muhammad Ali
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PTA
Preferential Trade Agreement
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