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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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EXCESS DEMAND A disequilibrium condition in a competitive market in which the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied. Excess demand is another way to say shortage. It also goes by the common term of sellers' market. Excess demand is one of two disequilibrium states of the market. The other is excess supply (or surplus).
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the shopping mall wanting to buy either 500 feet of coaxial cable or a coffee cup commemorating the 1960 Presidential election. Be on the lookout for spoiled cheese hiding under your bed hatching conspiracies against humanity.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"The only thing that will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you. " -- Tom Bradley, former Los Angeles mayor
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AACP
American Assocation of Commercial Publications
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