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MARGINAL-COST PRICING: A pricing scheme in which the price received by a firm is set equal to the marginal cost of production. This is not only the efficient outcome achieved by competitive markets, it is commonly used for comparison of other regulatory policies, such as average-cost pricing, that are used for public utilities (especially those that are natural monopolies). The bad thing about marginal-cost pricing for natural monopolies is that a normal profit is not guaranteed. The good thing about marginal-cost pricing is that marginal cost is equal to price, and the public utility is operating according to the price equals marginal cost (P = MC) rule of efficiency.
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FIRST RULE OF SCARCITY The first of seven basic rules of the economy, stating that the world is faced with limited resources but unlimited wants and needs satisfied from these resources. Scarcity is THE economy problem upon which the entire study of economics is built. A primary implication of scarcity is that the pursuit of an activity results in an opportunity cost.
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The 1909 Lincoln penny was the first U.S. coin with the likeness of a U.S. President.
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"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most men succeed because they are determined to. " -- George Allen, U.S. senator
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IIA
Irrelevance of Independent Alternatives
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