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SELF-CORRECTION, INFLATIONARY GAP: The automatic process through which the aggregate market achieves long-run equilibrium by eliminating an inflationary gap created by short-run equilibrium. With an inflationary gap short-run equilibrium real production is greater than full-employment real production, meaning resource markets have shortages, and in particular labor is overemployed. Self-correction is the process in which these temporary imbalances are eliminated through flexible prices as the aggregate market achieves long-run equilibrium. The key to this process is shifts of the short-run aggregate supply curve caused by changes in wages and other resource prices. The long-run result is lower wages and a decrease in short-run aggregate supply.
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MARGINAL UTILITY OF INCOME The change in utility resulting from a given change in income. This is a specialized case of the general notion of marginal utility, which is simply the change in utility resulting from a given change in the consumption of a good. Marginal utility of income is key to identifying alternative risk preferences, including risk aversion, risk neutrality, and risk loving. These three risk preferences are indicated by three marginal utility of income possibilities, decreasing (risk aversion), increasing (risk loving), and constant (risk neutrality).
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"When I look back on all these worries, I remember the story of the old man who said on his deathbed that he had had a lot of trouble in his life, most of which had never happened. " -- Winston Churchill, British statesman
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IIA
Irrelevance of Independent Alternatives
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