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TOTAL-MARGINAL RULE: A mathematical connection between a marginal value is the slope of a curve of the corresponding total value stating that the marginal IS the slope of the total curve. If the total curve has a positive slope (that is, is upward sloping), then marginal is positive. If the total product has a negative slope (downward sloping), then marginal is negative. If the total curve has a zero slope (horizontal), then marginal is zero. Moreover, if the total curve has an increasing slope (becoming steeper), then the marginal is rising. If the total curve has a decreasing slope (becoming flatter), then the marginal is falling.
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U-SHAPED COST CURVES The family of short-run cost curves consisting of average total cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost, all of which have U-shapes. Each is U-shaped because it begins with relatively high but falling cost for small quantities of output, reaches a minimum value, then has rising cost at large quantities of output. Although the average fixed cost curve is not U-shaped, it is occasionally included with the other three just for sake of completeness.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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"Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do. " -- Benjamin Spock, doctor
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CPS Current Population Survey (US)
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