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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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ELASTICITY DETERMINANTS Three factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply--availability of substitutes, time period of analysis, and proportion of budget. The price elasticities of demand and/or supply for a good can change if these determinants change. The first two determinants are important to both price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply, while the third relates specifically to the price elasticity of demand.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store wanting to buy either an AC adapter for your CD player or storage boxes for your family photos. Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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A half gallon milk jug holds about $50 in pennies.
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"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. " -- George Allen, U.S. senator
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VAT
Value Added Tax
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