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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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NUMBER OF SELLERS, SUPPLY DETERMINANT The number of sellers willing and able to sell a good, which is assumed constant when a supply curve is constructed. The number of sellers is one of five supply determinants that shift the supply curve when they change. The other four are resource prices, production technology, other prices, and sellers' expectations.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale trying to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"God grants victory to perseverance. " -- Simon Bolivar, South American liberator
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AFEA
American Farm Economic Association
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