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GRESHAM'S LAW: A principle stating that bad money drives good money out of circulation. For this law to apply an economy clearly needs two types of money, one considered good and the other considered bad. Good and bad money in this context has nothing to do with the propensity to torture small animals or attempts at world domination. Good and bad are based on the official value in exchange versus value in use. Gold and silver, which were both used as money in the U.S. Economy in the 1800s, provides an illustration. Silver took on the role of "bad money" because it was relatively less value in use than gold. As such, people used silver as everyday money and stockpiled, or hoarded, gold. The silver bad money drove the gold good money out of circulation.
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DECREASING-COST INDUSTRY A perfectly competitive industry with a negatively-sloped long-run industry supply curve that results because expansion of the industry causes lower production cost and resource prices. A decreasing-cost industry occurs because the entry of new firms, prompted by an increase in demand, causes the long-run average cost curve of each firm to shift downward, which decreases the minimum efficient scale of production.
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PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the shopping mall seeking to buy either a pair of gray heavy duty boot socks or a 50-foot blue garden hose. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"He who has begun has half done. Dare to be wise ‚ begin! " -- Horace, poet, satirist
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JPE
Journal of Political Economy
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