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EXCESS RESERVES: The amount of bank reserves over and above those that the Federal Reserve System requires a bank to keep. Excess reserves are what banks use to make loans. If a bank has more excess reserves, then it can make more loans. This is a key part of the Fed's ability to control the money supply. Using open market operations, the Fed can add to, or subtract from, the excess reserves held by banks. If the Fed, for example, adds to excess reserves, then banks can make more loans. Banks make these loans by adding to their customers' checking account balances. This is of some importance, because checking account balances are an major part of the economy's money supply. In essence, controlling these excess reserves is the Fed's number one method of "printing" money without actually printing money.
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TAX EQUITY The notion that taxes are imposed on society in a fair and equitable way. The two standards of fairness and equity used to evaluate taxes are the benefit principle -- those who benefit from government pay the taxes, and the ability-to-pay principle -- those with the most income pay the taxes. The ability-to-pay principle gives rise to two additional notions of fairness -- horizontal equity (those with equal incomes pay equal taxes) and vertical equity (those with different incomes pay different taxes).
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale looking to buy either a T-shirt commemorating next Thursday or a birthday gift for your uncle. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"After climbing a great hill, one finds many more hills to climb. " -- Nelson Mandela, president of South Africa
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UNCTAD
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
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