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INNOVATION: The introduction and dissemination of a new idea, product, or technological process throughout society and the economy. The innovation process should be contrasted with the act of invention, which is the creation of something new, but not the dissemination. Innovations are often though of as applying to physical products and technology. However, it applies to all aspects of society and the economy--physical, tangible, ideological, cultural, and social. Innovation often leads to the widespread use of new products (such as computers and DVD players), but it also creates new cultural, social, and economic institutions (such as government agencies, forms of business organizations, and social trends). Innovations are consider to be a primary source of economic growth.
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ALLOCATION EFFECT A change in the allocation of resources caused by placing taxes on economic activity. By creating disincentives to produce, consume, or exchange, taxes generally alter resource allocations. The allocation effect is typically used when governments seek to discourage the production, consumption, or exchange of particular goods or activities that are deemed undesirable (such as tobacco use or pollution). This is one of two effects of taxation. The other (primary) is the revenue effect, which is the generation of revenue used to finance government operations.
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RED AGGRESSERINE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale wanting to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves." -- Thomas Edison
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AER
American Economic Review
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