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DEMAND ELASTICITY AND TOTAL EXPENDITURE: The notion that price-induced changes in total expenditure for a good (price times quantity) depends on the relative price elasticity of demand. In particular, for relatively elastic demand (1 < E < ∞) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the opposite direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to fall and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to rise. For relatively inelastic demand (0 < E < 1) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the same direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to rise and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to fall. For unit elastic demand (E =1) price changes do not cause any change in total expenditure. Total expenditure is the same whether price increases or decreases.
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AUTONOMOUS INVESTMENT Business investment expenditures that do not depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in investment. Autonomous investment is best thought of as investment that the business sector undertakes regardless of the state of the economy. It is measured by the intercept term of the investment line. The alternative to autonomous investment is induced investment, which does depend on income.
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ORANGE REBELOON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet trying to buy either a replacement remote control for your stereo system or a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Success is the child of audacity. " -- Benjamin Disraeli, British statesman
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