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KINKED-DEMAND CURVE ANALYSIS: An analysis that seeks to explain rigid oligopolistic prices using the kinked-demand curve. The kinked demand curve contains two distinct segments, one for higher prices that is more elastic and one for lower prices that is less elastic. The corresponding marginal revenue curve contains a vertical segment at the existing or initial quantity. Because a profit-maximizing oligopolistic firm equates marginal cost to marginal revenue, marginal cost also can take on a range of values at the existing quantity. In other words, marginal cost can increase or decrease without inducing a profit-maximizing oligopolistic firm to change price or quantity.
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DEADWEIGHT LOSS The decrease in the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus that results from the imposition of a tax. When a tax drives a wedge between demand price and supply price it disrupts what otherwise would be an efficient market equilibrium. Inefficiency arises because while a portion of the sum of consumer and producer surplus is merely transferred to government, a portion of this sum also disappears. The part that disappears is the deadweight loss and is an indicator of the inefficiency of the tax.
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires...courage." -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
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DOJ
Department of Justice (US)
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