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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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AVERAGE FACTOR COST, MONOPSONY Total factor cost per unit of factor input employed by a monopsony in the production of output, found by dividing total factor cost by the quantity of factor input. Average factor cost, abbreviated AFC, is generally equal to the factor price. However, using the longer term average factor cost makes it easier to see the connection to related terms, including total factor cost and marginal factor cost.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages trying to buy either a velvet painting of Elvis Presley or a wall poster commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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During the American Revolution, the price of corn rose 10,000 percent, the price of wheat 14,000 percent, the price of flour 15,000 percent, and the price of beef 33,000 percent.
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"The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there." -- Leslie Poles Hartley, Writer
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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