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PREMIUM: In financial terms, a bond or similar financial asset that sells above its face value. A premium is paid to equalize a bond's interest rate with comparable interest rates. For example, a $100,000 bond that pays a fixed 10 percent interest on the face value ($10,000) would be sell at a premium of $125,000 if comparable interest rates were 8 percent. As such, the $10,000 interest works out to be 8 percent of the $125,000 price.
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MARKET FAILURES Imperfections in the exchange process between buyers and sellers that prevent markets from efficiently allocating scarce resources. Market failures come in four varieties -- public goods, market control, externalities, and imperfect information. Market efficiency is achieved if the value of goods produced is equal to the value of foregone production. Markets fail when this efficiency condition is not achieved. Such failures can only be corrected by government intervention.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store seeking to buy either a genuine down-filled snow parka or throw pillows for your living room sofa. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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"Life is a promise; fulfill it. " -- Mother Teresa, humanitarian
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FTC
Federal Trade Commission
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