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RESERVE REQUIREMENTS: Rules by the Federal Reserve System governing the amount of bank reserves that banks must keep to back up their deposits. Legal reserve requirements came about because banks that practice fractional-reserve banking are sometimes inclined to make too many interest-paying loans and neglect to keep enough reserves on hand to pay their depositors. In principle, the Fed can alter reserve requirements to control the money supply. In practice, however, the Fed prefers to use open market operations or the discount rate.
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FEDERAL FUNDS RATE The interest rate charged by one commercial bank or depository institution for lending Federal Reserve deposits to another commercial bank or depository institution. This is the interest rate determined in the Federal funds market. The Federal funds rate is a key interest rate for both the banking system and the macroeconomy. It is often targeted by monetary policy and is a benchmark used to determine other interest rates in the economy.
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There were no banks in colonial America before the U.S. Revolutionary War. Anyone seeking a loan did so from another individual.
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"A man flattened by an opponent can get up again. A man flattened by conformity stays down for good. " -- Thomas Watson Jr., executive
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ILO International Labor Office
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