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AD VALOREM TARIFF: A tax on imports that is specified as a percentage of the value of the good or service being taxed. This is one form of trade barrier that's intended to restrict imports into a country. Unlike nontariff barriers and quotas, which increase prices and thus revenue received by domestic producers, an 'ad valorem tariff' generates revenue for the government. For example: a 15 percent ad valorem tariff on a TV set worth $100 would pay a tariff of $15. One advantage of an ad valorem tariff is that it keeps up with changes in prices (mostly inflation).
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COMMUNISM In theory, an economy, or economic system, based on--(1) a classless society, where everyone does their best to contribute to the common good, (2) common, rather than individual, ownership of all resources, (3) the complete disappearance of government, and (4) income allocated based entirely on need rather than on resource ownership or contribution to production. In practice, communism is a type of command economy based on--(1) government ownership and control of most resources, goods, and other assets and (2) excruciatingly detailed central planning by government.
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"You don't have to see the top of the staircase to take the first step.¾ " -- Martin Luther King, civil rights leader
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EER
European Economic Review
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