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WILLINGNESS TO PAY: The price or dollar amount that someone is willing to give up or pay to acquire a good or service. Willingness to pay is the source of the demand price of a good. However, unlike demand price, in which buyers are on the spot of actually giving up the payment, willingness to pay does not require an actual payment. This concept is important to benefit-cost analysis, welfare economics, and efficiency criteria, especially Kaldor-Hicks efficiency. A related concept is willingness to accept.
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PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM DIFFERENCES A principle stating that monopolistically competitive firms seek to maintain similarities between products at the same time they promote differences. Similarities enable substitutability, such that one firm can attract the buyers away from other firms. Differences enable uniqueness and market control, such that each firm has market control and is able to charge a higher price than achieved with perfect competition. This principle is also termed Hotelling's paradox.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet wanting to buy either a weathervane with a horse on top or a case of blank recordable DVDs. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Progress begins with the belief that what is necessary is possible. " -- Norman Cousins, editor, writer
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ICTB
International Customs Tariffs Bureau
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