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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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INNOVATION The initial application of new products, technologies, and ideas that usually generate a beneficial improvement in society and the economy. In contrast to an invention, which is the act of creation, an innovation is the implementation of a product, technology, or idea. Innovations are changes in existing institutions and the status quo, prompted by risk-taking entrepreneurs, that promote prosperity and improved living standards.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex looking to buy either throw pillows for your bed or a package of blank rewritable CDs. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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During the American Revolution, the price of corn rose 10,000 percent, the price of wheat 14,000 percent, the price of flour 15,000 percent, and the price of beef 33,000 percent.
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"You don't have to be a fantastic hero to do certain things - to compete. You can be just an ordinary chap, sufficiently motivated to reach challenging goals." -- Sir Edmund Hillary, Explorer
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OMO
Open Market Operations
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