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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND NATIONAL INCOME: Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within the political boundaries of an economy during a given period of time, usually a year. National income (NI) is the total income earned by the citizens of the national economy resulting from their ownership of resources used in the production of final goods and services during a given period of time, usually one year. While the vast majority of domestic production is undertaken by domestic factors of production (national income is about 80% of gross domestic product) key differences do exist. The six main differences between gross domestic product and national income are (1) capital consumption adjustment, (2) indirect business taxes, (3) business transfer payments, (4) net foreign factor income, (5) government subsidies, and (6) statistical discrepancy.
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DECREASING MARGINAL RETURNS In the short-run production of a firm, an increase in the variable input results in a decrease in the marginal product of the variable input. Decreasing marginal returns typically surface after the first few quantities of a variable input are added to a fixed input. This is one of two types of marginal returns. The other is increasing marginal returns. A related phenomenon is diseconomies of scale associated with long-run production.
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The first paper notes printed in the United States were in denominations of 1 cent, 5 cents, 25 cents, and 50 cents.
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"The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them. " -- Mark Twain
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FAMS Forecasting and Modeling System
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