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BARRIER TO ENTRY: An institutional, government, technological, or economic restriction on the entry of firms into a market or industry. The four primary barriers to entry are: resource ownership, patents and copyrights, government restrictions, and start-up costs. Barriers to entry are a key reason for market control and the inefficiency that this generates. In particular, monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, and oligopsony often owe their market control to assorted barriers to entry. By way of contrast, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopsonistic competition have few if any barriers to entry and thus little or no market control.
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U-SHAPED COST CURVES The family of short-run cost curves consisting of average total cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost, all of which have U-shapes. Each is U-shaped because it begins with relatively high but falling cost for small quantities of output, reaches a minimum value, then has rising cost at large quantities of output. Although the average fixed cost curve is not U-shaped, it is occasionally included with the other three just for sake of completeness.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers hoping to buy either galvanized steel storage shelves or a large green chalkboard shaped like the state of Maine. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"Well done is better than well said. " -- Benjamin Franklin, statesman, inventor
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ISDA
International Swaps and Derivatives Association
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