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TAX INCIDENCE: The ultimate payment of a tax. Many taxes are initially paid by one person, but passed along through production and consumption activities until it finally reaches someone else. An obvious example is the sales tax. While officially paid by the retail store (they write the check to the government), it's tacked on to the prices paid by consumers. Consumers, thus, bear the lion's share of most sales taxes. The incidence of other taxes is not quite so obvious. Some taxes are paid by producers early in production such as severance taxes on oil extraction without the knowledge of consumers, who end up paying through higher prices. As a general rule taxes are passed through the system until they reach someone (usually consumers) who can pass it no further.
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EIGHT-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO The proportion of total output in an industry produced by the eight largest firms in an industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the eight-firm concentration ratio. Another related measure is the Herfindahl index. The eight-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control held by the eight largest firms in the industry.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating next Thursday or a pair of gray heavy duty boot socks. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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General Electric is the only stock from the original 1896 Dow Jones Industrial Average remaining in the current index.
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"I do not believe in a fate that will fall on us no matter what we do. I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing. " -- Ronald Reagan, 40th US president
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WE
Walrasian Equilibrium
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