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PIGOUVIAN TAX: A tax on an external cost, such as pollution, designed to use market forces to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. A. C. Pigou, one of the first economists to study the market failure of externalities, is credited with developing this tax system for internalizing costs external to the market. An external cost caused by pollution, for example, can be internalized if polluters pay a tax equal to the value of the external cost.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, LOSS MINIMIZATION A perfectly competitive firm is presumed to produce the quantity of output that minimizes economic losses, if price is greater than average variable cost but less than average total cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and shutdown (if price is less than average variable cost).
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating last Friday (you know why) or a country wreathe. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most men succeed because they are determined to. " -- George Allen, U.S. senator
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RGDP
Real Gross Domestic Product
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