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PERFECT COMPETITION, SHORT-RUN PRODUCTION ANALYSIS: A perfectly competitive firm produces the profit-maximizing quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost. This production level can be identified using total revenue and cost, marginal revenue and cost, or profit. Because a perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elastic demand curve, it efficiently allocates resources by equating price and marginal cost. In addition, the marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve is the perfectly competitive firm's short-run supply curve.
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ADVERSE SELECTION An inefficient, bad, or adverse outcome of a market exchange that results because buyers and/or sellers make decisions based on asymmetric information. This commonly results in a market that exchanges a lesser quality good, what is termed the market for lemons. Two related problems resulting from asymmetric information are moral hazard and the principal-agent problem. Two methods of lessoning the problem of adverse selection are signalling and screening.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages seeking to buy either an AC adapter that won't fry your computer or a case for your designer sunglasses. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"The truth of the matter is that you always know the right thing to do. The hard part is doing it." -- Norman Schwarzkopf, US Army general
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VES
Variable Elasticity of Substitution
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