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KEYNESIAN EQUILIBRIUM: The state of the macroeconomy in which aggregate expenditures are equal to aggregate output. This is illustrated using the income-expenditure model, or Keynesian cross, as the intersection of the aggregate expenditures line and the 45-degree line. The aggregate expenditures line is the summation of consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports. The 45-degree line represents all combinations in which aggregate expenditures equal aggregate output. Keynesian equilibrium is also represented by the saving-investment, or injection-leakage, model as the intersection between the injection line (investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports) and the leakage line (saving, taxes, and imports).
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COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE The ability to produce one good at a relatively lower opportunity cost than other goods, especially compared to production in another country. Every person or country has a comparative advantage in production of at least one good or service, even with relatively limited production technology. A related, but contrasting concept is absolute advantage. Both terms are perhaps most important to the study of international trade, but also provide insight into other exchanges.
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GRAY SKITTERY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club seeking to buy either throw pillows for your bed or a package of blank rewritable CDs. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"One person with a belief is equal to a force of ninety-nine with only interests." -- John Stuart Mill
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Montreal Exchange
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