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TAX INCIDENCE: The ultimate payment of a tax. Many taxes are initially paid by one person, but passed along through production and consumption activities until it finally reaches someone else. An obvious example is the sales tax. While officially paid by the retail store (they write the check to the government), it's tacked on to the prices paid by consumers. Consumers, thus, bear the lion's share of most sales taxes. The incidence of other taxes is not quite so obvious. Some taxes are paid by producers early in production such as severance taxes on oil extraction without the knowledge of consumers, who end up paying through higher prices. As a general rule taxes are passed through the system until they reach someone (usually consumers) who can pass it no further.
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INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND The relative response of a change in demand to a change in income. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. This notion of elasticity captures the buyers' income demand determinant. Three other notable elasticities are the price elasticity of demand, the price elasticity of supply, and the cross elasticity of demand.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads trying to buy either an AC adapter for your CD player or storage boxes for your family photos. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"I think luck is the sense to recognize an opportunity and the ability to take advantage of it . The man who can smile at his breaks and grabs his chance gets on." -- Samuel Goldwyn, Film executive
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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