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SHUTDOWN RULE: A rule stating that firm minimizes economic loss by producing no output in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. In the short run, a firm incurs total fixed cost whether or not it produces any output. As such, if the market price is falls below average total cost, it must decide if the economic loss from producing the quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost is more or less than the economic loss incurred with shutting down production in the short run (which is equal to total fixed cost).
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TAX WEDGE The difference between demand price and supply price that is created when a tax is imposed on a market. Placing a tax on a market disrupts what otherwise would be an equilibrium equality between demand price and supply price. A tax wedge results because the tax is included in the demand price paid by buyers but not in the supply price received by sellers. With standard demand (negative slope) and supply (positive slope) curves, the incidence of the tax (who pays) is divided between buyers and sellers.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway wanting to buy either a replacement washer for your kitchen faucet or a stretchable, flexible watch band. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"Difficulty is the excuse history never accepts. " -- Edward R. Murrow, News broadcaster
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NIPA
National Income and Product Accounts
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