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VERTICAL INTEGRATION: The situation in which a firm participates in more than one successive stage of the production or distribution process. For example a soft drink company that also controls a sugar-producing firm is said to be vertically integrated because the soft drink company does not have to buy sugar from other firms to produce soft drinks. In some cases, two separate firms are vertically integrate because one firm produces a good or service and the other distributes it.
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AVERAGE FACTOR COST Total factor cost per unit of factor input employed by a firm in the production of output, found by dividing total factor cost by the quantity of factor input. Average factor cost, abbreviated AFC, is generally equal to the factor price. However, using the longer term average factor cost makes it easier to see the connection to related terms, including total factor cost and marginal factor cost.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store wanting to buy either a small, foam rubber football or an instructional DVD on learning to the play the oboe. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties. Your Complete Scope
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"In every man's life there lies latent energy. There is, however, a spark that, if kindled, will set the whole being afire, and he will become a human dynamo, capable of accomplishing almost anything to which he aspires. " -- James Cash Penney, retailer
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IO Industrial Organization
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