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HYSTERESIS: The notion that the natural rate of unemployment is affected by historical events, especially the onset of a business-cycle contraction. Hysteresis results because unemployed resources are permanently changed, through loss of job skills or seniority, making them less employable when the contraction is over. The labor market itself might be permanently change. The result is a permanent increase in structural and frictional unemployment and a higher natural unemployment rate. Alternatively, a prolonged business-cycle expansion can generate long-term changes that cause a permanent decrease in the natural unemployment rate.
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DECREASING RETURNS TO SCALE A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in a proportional smaller change in production. Decreasing returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by a given proportion (say 10 percent) and output increases by less than this proportion (that is, less than 10 percent). This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and constant returns to scale.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction seeking to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for deranged pelicans.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"The work of the individual still remains the spark that moves mankind forward. " -- Igor Sikorsky, aeronautical engineer
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JET
Journal of Economic Theory
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