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MARKET STRUCTURE: The manner in which a market is organized, based largely on the number of firms in the industry. The four basic market structure models are: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. The primary difference between each is the number of firms on the supply side of a market. Both perfect competition and monopolistic competition have a large number of relatively small firms selling output. Oligopoly has a small number of relatively large firms. And monopoly has a single firm.
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SIGNALLING When confronted by asymmetric information, the use of small bits of information, or indicators, that suggest more comprehensive information. Signalling is used by those with more information to reduce the cost of informing those with less information. It is commonly used in markets with adverse selection. Methods of signalling include advertising, brand names, and warranties. A related method is screening.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway looking to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the first day of winter or software that won't crash your computer. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The first paper currency used in North America was pasteboard playing cards "temporarily" authorized as money by the colonial governor of French Canada, awaiting "real money" from France.
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"Every time you win, it diminishes the fear a little bit. You never really cancel the fear of losing; you keep challenging it. " -- Arthur Ashe, tennis player
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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