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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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ASSUMPTIONS, KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS The macroeconomic study of Keynesian economics relies on three key assumptions--rigid prices, effective demand, and savings-investment determinants. First, rigid or inflexible prices prevent some markets from achieving equilibrium in the short run. Second, effective demand means that consumption expenditures are based on actual income, not full employment or equilibrium income. Lastly, important savings and investment determinants include income, expectations, and other influences beyond the interest rate. These three assumptions imply that the economy can achieve a short-run equilibrium at less than full-employment production.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either a birthday greeting card for your aunt or a wall poster commemorating the moon landing. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Ships are safe in harbor. But that is not what ships are for." -- Anonymous
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IADB
Inter-American Development Bank
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