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DEMAND DECREASE: A decrease in the willingness and ability of buyers to buy a good at the existing price, illustrated by a leftward shift of the demand curve. A decrease in demand results in a decrease in equilibrium quantity and a decrease in equilibrium price.
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MARGINAL COST AND LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS Decreasing then increasing marginal cost, reflected by a U-shaped marginal cost curve, is the result of increasing then decreasing marginal returns. In particular the decreasing marginal returns is caused by the law of diminishing marginal returns. As such, the law of diminishing marginal returns affects not only the short-run production of a firm but also the cost of short-run production. This translates into a positively-sloped supply curve for profit-maximizing competitive firms.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Every generation of Americans needs to know that freedom exists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought. " -- Pope John Paul II
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IV
Instrumental Variables
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