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ADJUSTMENT, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET: Disequilibrium in the long-run aggregate market induces changes in the price level that restore equilibrium. If the price level is above the long-run equilibrium price level, economy-wide product market surpluses cause the price level to fall. If the price level is below the long-run equilibrium price level, economy-wide product market shortages cause the price level to rise. In both cases long-run equilibrium is restored. Price level changes induce changes in aggregate expenditures but NOT changes in real production. The reason is that long-run aggregate supply is full-employment real production, which is unaffected by the price level.
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LONG-RUN TOTAL COST The opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used in the long run (when all inputs are variable) by a firm to produce a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit earned by entrepreneurs. Unlike short-run total cost, long-run total cost cannot be separated into fixed cost and variable cost. In the long run, all inputs are variable, so all cost is variable.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store hoping to buy either decorative celebrity figurines or a flower arrangement with anything but tulips for your grandfather. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"Plans are only good intentions unless they immediately degenerate into hard work." -- Peter Drucker, management consultant
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BAE
Bureau of Agricultural Economics
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