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BARTER EXCHANGE: A method of trading goods, commodities, or services, directly for one another without the use of money. In a barter exchange one good is traded directly for another. This sort of exchange ultimately requires a double coincidence of wants, meaning that each trader has what the other trader wants and wants what the other has. Without a double coincidence of wants the exchange process can become exceedingly complex, requiring a great deal of resources to complete transactions, resources that can not be used for production. In fact, inefficient barter trading was the primary reason that money was invented. With money, more resources can be used for production and fewer are needed for trading. See market.
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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE A taxation principle stating that taxes should be based on the ability to pay taxes. The ability-to-pay principle works from the proposition that those who have the greatest income should pay the most taxes. The ability-to-pay principle is the only reasonable way to finance the provision of public goods such as national defense, public health, and environmental quality. This is one of two taxation principles. The other is the benefit principle, which states taxes should be based on the benefits received.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius trying to buy either a T-shirt commemorating yesterday or a pair of handcrafted oven mitts. Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"A leader, once convinced that a particular course of action is the right one, must . . . be undaunted when the going gets tough." -- President Ronald Reagan
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FIML
Full Information Maximum Likelihood
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