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RISK POOLING: Combining the uncertainty of individuals into a calculable risk for large groups. For example, you may or may not contract the flu this year. However, if you're thrown in with 99,999 other people, then health-care types who spend their lives measuring the odds of an illness, can predict that 1 percent of the group, or 1,000 people, will get the flu. The uncertainty is that they probably don't know which 1,000 people, they only know the number afflicted. This little bit of information is what makes risk pooling possible. If the cost is $50 per illness, then an insurance company can insure your 100,000-member group against flu if they collect $50,000 ($50 x 1,000 sick people), or 50 cents per person. By agreeing to pay the cost of each sick person in exchange for the 50 cent payments, the insurance company has effectively pooled the risk of the group.
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INNOVATION PROFIT Economic profit, the difference between the total revenue received by a firm and the total opportunity cost of production, that is attributable to innovation, the initial application of new products, technologies, or ideas. Innovation profit is one of two sources of economic profit. The other is monopoly profit that arises due to market control. The generation of innovation profit is an important incentive that by rewarding individual innovative behavior enables society-wide benefits from the resulting innovations.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel wanting to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the 2000 Presidential election or a really, really exciting, action-filled video game. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount." -- Claire Boothe Luce, diplomat, writer
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BPEA
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
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