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EFFECTIVE DEMAND: The notion that the actual demand for aggregate output in the macroeconomy is based on the actual income or other existing economic conditions and not on income and conditions existing in equilibrium. The idea of effective demand plays a key role in Keynesian economics and how the macroeconomy can have extended periods of unemployment. Effective demand is in direct contrast to the view underlying classical economics that demand is that existing in equilibrium.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
Your compete MICRO*scope for today
You are the type of person who thinks about shopping from the time you wake up in the morning until the time you go to sleep at night. Family and friends know that they can always find you at the shopping mall. Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale looking to buy either an extra large beach blanket or a large flower pot shaped like a Greek urn. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service. You should consider shopping at stores or businesses beginning with the letter Q, but do not buy any products with a serial number or product code containing the number 667002. Your preferred shopping venue is shopping malls. Your special symbol is the asterisk (*).
Is this You?
As a Yellow Chipperoon, you are happy, happy, happy. You enjoy everything about life and about shopping. You love shopping. You love buying. You love spending. You love to compare products and prices. You love the crowds. You love chatting with the store clerks. You love every bit of the buying process. Nothing dissuades you from having a good time shopping, whether you're buying a box of facial tissues or a new house. Does it get any better than spending an afternoon at the shopping mall? No way!
This isn't me! What am I?
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SAVING-INVESTMENT MODEL A variation of the Keynesian injections-leakages model that includes the two private sectors, the household sector and the business sector. This variation, more formally termed the two-sector injections-leakages model, captures the interaction between induced saving (and indirectly induced consumption expenditures) and autonomous investment expenditures. This model provides an alternative to the two-sector aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross) analysis of the macroeconomy, including equilibrium, disequilibrium, and the multiplier. Equilibrium is identified as the intersection between the saving line and the investment line. Two related variations are the three-sector injections-leakages model and the four-sector injections-leakages model.
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The Depths Of DEPRESSIONIn the discussion of recession we see that one of the problems confronting both pedestrians and the economy is stepping in an occasional pothole. These potholes are usually small and do little damage. Every now and then, however, our economy falls face first into one humdinger of pothole that's big enough to swallow the better part of a marching band. Rather than a mere recessionary pothole, these are best thought of as depressionary canyons. The Great Depression of the 1930s was the most memorable depressionary canyon on record for the good old U. S. of A. The question we need to ponder over the next few pages is: Are there any more depressionary canyons like the 1930s lurking along the economic pavement?
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"In order to create there must be a dynamic force, and what force is more potent than love." -- Igor Stravinsky, violinist
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ECLA
Economic Commission for Latin America
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